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In object-centric process mining (OCPM), objects are the "real-world" business entities that events refer to. Objects can include, for example, orders, invoices, deliveries, payments, customers, or suppliers. Objects allow processes to be modeled exactly as they actually occur: interconnected, in many-to-many relationships, and involving multiple entities.

Object types

Every object belongs to a specific object type. Object types refer to a set of attributes that can be different for different objects or even at different points in time for the same object, for example, Order, Invoice, or Shipment.

Object types define the category and attributes of the object.

Object instance

A concrete instance of an object type - a real, uniquely identifiable entity that participates in events within the context of business processes.

Object-level attribute

An attribute that describes a specific object and holds information about its properties. These can be repeated at event time when the event references that object, capturing the value at that moment.

Object lifecycle

Objects have a lifecycle, that is a sequence of events that happen to them over time.

Multi-object events

A single event can involve multiple objects.

Object-to-object relationship

A direct connection or association between two objects of the same or different object types, independent of events. This captures how business entities are structurally related to each other (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many).

OCPM models explicitly represent these multi-way relationships between objects, and thus enable cross-object analysis.